The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Frailty is common in seniors, and is characterized by diminished physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors. Frailty can change the prognosis and treatment approach of several chronic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The association between frailty and COPD has never been systematically reviewed.