Increased mortality with elevated plasma endothelin-1 in acute heart failure: an ASCEND-HF biomarker substudy

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endogenous vasoconstrictor implicated in pulmonary and systemic hypertension, as well as ventricular dysfunction, through effects on vascular smooth muscle, the kidneys, and cardiomyocytes. We aimed to determine the association between serial ET-1 levels and acute heart failure patient outcomes.