Resistive Sensors for Smart Objects: Analysis on Printing Techniques

The growing diffusion and usability of additive printing techniques have created new manufacturing scenarios for products. Printed electronics is playing a key role in the design of next-generation objects. These objects are no longer only able to fulfill their original function, but through specific sensors and circuits can measure physical quantities in the surrounding environment. In this way, a conventional object is made smart, being able to communicate with other objects or remote units. This kind of change fits perfectly into the context of Industry 4.0, where the ability to collect additional information can increase efficiency in the production, transportation, and storage of products. Smart objects can be manufactured with numerous different technologies and materials depending on the performance required and on the specific application. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of printed technologies that enable resistive sensors printing on complex surfaces for smart object fabrication. First, an explanation of the technologies under consideration is provided. Then, an analysis of the aspects that affect the final print quality for each technique is provided, highlighting advantages and disadvantages. This article also indicates the limitations and potential of these printed technologies for smart objects.