Misuse (and abuse?) of the concept of empowerment. The case of online offer of predictive direct-to-consumer genetic tests.

Using the field of direct-to-consumer genetic tests as a case in
point, this paper argues against the misuse of the term empowerment,
and calls for a regulation of its usage. The misleading assumption
under certain current usages of the concept of empowerment is that it
is enhanced by the provision of health information. While the information-
empowerment correlation is misleading, if not wrong, the feeling
of being empowered imposes an increasing burden of critical thinking
on those people (patients and consumers) who have to evaluate that
information and act for the benefit of their health.