Plasma Antennas: A Comprehensive Review

This paper aims to comprehensively review the literature on Gaseous Plasma Antennas (GPAs). These innovative devices transmit electromagnetic (EM) signals through ionized gas, known as plasma, instead of conventional metal structures. GPAs offer distinct advantages over their metallic counter-parts, particularly in performance reconfigurability. The paper begins by evaluating the EM properties of the plasma medium, exploring methodologies for its generation, measurement, and simulation. Subsequently, the prevalent GPA architectures are presented, distinguishing between active and passive concepts based on the plasma’s primary role: either emitting EM signals or manipulating them. Additionally, unconventional GPA implementations, such as explosive or laser-based technologies, are examined. Finally, the paper assesses the most promising applications for leveraging GPAs in various fields.