Hemodialysis with High Cut-Off Hemodialyzers in Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective, Case-Control Study

Background: Hemodialysis with high cut-off continuous veno-venous hemodialyzer (HCO-CVVHD) removes mediators of organ dysfunction during sepsis. This study assessed the clinical effects of HCO-CVVHD as compared to high-flux (HF) membranes during gram-negative sepsis. Methods: Intensive care unit (ICU), septic patients treated with HCO-CVVHD or HF-CVVHDF for AKI were retrospectively observed (January 2013-December 2014). Mechanical ventilation, vasopressors' requirements, ICU length of stay (LOS) and ICU in-hospital mortality were compared between groups. Results: Sixteen HCO and 8 HF patients were observed. Isolated pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Median ratios of days-on-vasopressors and days-on-mechanical ventilation/ICU-LOS were 0.5, 1 and 0.8, 1 for HCO and HF groups (p < 0.03), respectively. ICU-LOS was 16 and 9 days (HCO- and HF-group, p = 0.03). ICU mortality rates were 37.5 and 87.5% for HCO and HF groups, respectively (p = 0.03). No statistical difference was found in in-hospital morality. Conclusion: Patients in HCO-CVVHD group spent lesser number of days on vasopressors and mechanical ventilation as a ratio to total ICU-LOS. In the same group, a reduction in ICU mortality was observed.