Maternal functional hemodynamics in uncomplicated twin pregnancies: a longitudinal study using impedance cardiography

Longitudinal studies of maternal hemodynamics in twin pregnancy are scarce and preload reserve in twin pregnancies has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate serial changes in maternal systemic hemodynamics from first to third trimester, and cardiovascular response to passive leg raising to evaluate preload reserve using impedance cardiography in a cohort of uncomplicated twin pregnancies.