Handbike and Handcyclist: A Vibrational Model

The handbike is currently regarded as an alternative to the wheelchair, offering greater efficiency and mobility, and as an effective tool to promote physical activity. However, in contrast to bicycles and wheelchairs, recent years have seen comparatively little focus on the study of the ergonomics and comfort of the user during handcycling. In this work, a vibrational model of the handbike-user system is proposed, with particular attention to the interaction between the cyclist and the vehicle, at handle and seat level. The goal is to pave the way toward the implementation of design strategies for the optimization of the comfort and safety of the pilot during handcycling. A first validation step of the proposed model is performed, supported by preliminary experimental data. Finally, the main limitations of the proposed model are outlined, along with an overview of current and future developments in the study. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.