Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities

A loss of natural capital within cities and their surrounding areas has been noticed over
the last decades. Increasing development associated with higher sealing rates has caused a general
loss of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) within the urban environment, whereas urban sprawl and the
improvement of road networks have deeply fragmented the surrounding landscape and jeopardized
ecosystems connectivity. UGS are an essential component of the urban system, and their loss has
a greater impact on, e.g., ecological and hydrological processes, threatening human well-being.
Different types and spatial configurations of UGS may affect their own ability to provide ecosystem
services, such as biodiversity support and water regulation. Nevertheless, the study of UGS spatial
patterns is a research branch poorly addressed. Moreover, UGS analyses are mainly focused on public
and vast green spaces, but seldom on informal, private, and interstitial ones, returning a myopic
representation of urban green areas. Therefore, this study investigates the UGS spatial patterns within
six Southern European cities, using the urban morphology analysis to assess all urban vegetated
lands. Results revealed three main Urban Green Spatial Patterns (UGSPs): Fragmented, Compact,
and Linear Distributions. UGSPs taxonomy represents a novelty in the urban morphology field and
may have important implications for the ability to provide ecosystem services and, thus, human
well-being.