MATERNAL HEMODYNAMICS FROM PRECONCEPTION TO DELIVERY: RESEARCH, POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS Position statement by Italian Association of Pre-Eclampsia and Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine

Objective: The Italian Association of Preeclampsia (AIPE) and of the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP) developed clinical questions on Maternal Hemodynamics state of the art. Study design: AIPE and SIMP Experts were divided in small groups and were invited to propose an overview of the existing literature on specific topics related to the clinical questions proposed, developing, wherever possible, clinical and/or research recommendations based on available evidence, expert opinion, and clinical importance. Draft recommendations with a clinical rationale were submitted to 8 AIPE and SIMP Consensus Expert Panel for consideration and approval, with at least 75% agreement required for individual recommendations to be included in the final version. Results: More and more evidence in literature underlines the relationship between maternal and fetal hemodynamics, as well as the relationship between maternal cardiovascular profile and fetal-maternal adverse outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Experts agreed on proposing a classification of pregnancy hypertension, complications and cardiovascular states based on three different hemodynamic profiles depending on Total Peripheral Vascular Resistance values: hypodynamic (>1300 dynes·s·cm-5), normo-dynamic and hyperdynamic (<800 dynes·s·cm-5) circulation. This differentiation implies different therapeutical strategies, based drugs characteristics and maternal cardiovascular profile. Finally, the cardiovascular characteristics of the women may be useful for a rational approach to an appropriate follow up, due to the increased cardiovascular risk later in life. Conclusions: Although the evidences might not be conclusive, given the lack of large randomized trials, maternal hemodynamics might have great importance in helping Clinicians in understanding the pathophysiology and chose a rational treatment of patients with or at risk for pregnancy complications.